Known as arao pichón in Spanish and guillemot colombin in French.
At the Aquarium
Seabird Aviary
Appearance
The pigeon guillemot grows to lengths of 12 to 14 inches and weighs about 1.1 pounds.
While in breeding plumage, the pigeon guillemot is black with large white patches on its wings. Juveniles and non-breeding adults have white bellies and are mottled gray and white on their upper parts. The pigeon guillemot also has a black bill and orange-red feet.
Habitat
Rocky coastlines and open ocean
Diet
Wide variety of small benthic fish and invertebrates
Life History
The pigeon guillemot is usually found in small colonies of under 50 birds or in isolated pairs.This species maintains pair bonds for multiple breeding seasons. Those breeding in the northernmost part of its range in Alaska move south in the winter. Those from the center of its range (from British Columbia to Oregon) may remain in that region. California pigeon guillemots move north after breeding, as far north as British Columbia.
The Pigeon guillemot breeds on rocky islands and on mainland cliffs away from predators. This species first breeds once they reach 3 to 5 years. They usually lay 1 to 2 eggs which are creamy to pale-blue green with gray and brown blotches. Both males and females sit on the eggs. This incubation period lasts about 26 to 32 days.
Once hatched, the young pigeon guillemot remains in the nest for 29 to 54 days where both parents bring them small fish. As they leave the nest they make their way down to the water, already able to swim and dive, though they are not strong fliers for another 2 to 3 weeks.
IUCN Status
Least Concern
Ecosystem & Cultural Importance
Pigeon guillemots contribute to the food web by being both predator and prey. Pigeon guillemots are considered indicator species, particularly in the Salish Sea. Their presence and health can signal changes in the surrounding ecosystem.
In the North Pacific, breeding occurs from the Kuril Islands and on the Kamchatka Peninsula to the eastern tip of Siberia and from the western tip of Alaska down through the Atlantic coast of Canada to southern California and northern Mexico.
The pigeon guillemot occurs during its breeding season along the Oregon Coast. This species can be seen at Haystack Rock at Cannon Beach, Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural Area and Seal Rock State Park.
Propelled by its wings the pigeon guillemot forages for food by diving and swimming underwater. It can dive as deep as 150 feet below the surface while most foraging occurs within 60 feet of the ocean surface. The pigeon guillemot is usually silent while out at sea but nesting individuals make a hissing whistle.
Citations & Other Resources
BirdLife International. 2018. Cepphus columba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.
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