Pacific tomcod are olive green to brown above and a creamy white on their underside. They have a small barbel on their chin that is half the diameter of the eye. They weigh up to 0.8 lbs.
Habitat
Tend to school near soft bottoms of mud, silt, or fine sand. Surfzone to depths of 900’ though they may enter brackish waters.
Diet
Shrimps, copepods, amphipods, isopods, gastropods, mussels, and larval fishes
Life History
Pacific tomcod spawn in winter and spring off of Oregon. A female lays 1,200 eggs. Planktonic larvae drift in coastal waters. After the pelagic phase, at about 1 inches long, juveniles move to shallow nearshore waters or estuaries. They will then move to deeper waters in the fall or winter of their first year. They reach lengths of 15 inches; their life span is not known.
IUCN Status
Not Evaluated
Ecosystem & Cultural Importance
These fish are important to marine webs. They have a variety of predators including albacore tuna, lingcod, white sturgeon, harbor seals, harbor porpoises, and common murres.
Pacific tomcod are in the family of true cods. The distinguishing features of a true cod are: 3 dorsal fins, 2 anal fins, and a single barbel at the end of the chin.
Citations & Other Resources
Alaska FisheriesCenter. inchesLarval development of Pacific tomcod, Microgadus proximus, in the northeast Pacific Ocean with comparative notes on larvae of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, and Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus (Gadidae).inches Fishery Bulletin 78.4 (1981).
Love, Milton S. Certainly more than you want to know about the fishes of the Pacific Coast: a postmodern experience. Really Big Press: Santa Barbara. 2011. 649 pp. ISBN 978-0-9628725-6-3.
Monaco, Mark E., and Robert Laurence Emmett. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries: Species life history summaries. Vol. 2. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 1990.
NOAA GuideWashington Department of Fish and Wildlife website
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