Adult sablefish are black or greenish gray above and pale below. They have slightly paler blotches or chainlike pattern on the upper back.
Sablefish have 2 dorsal fins and the anal fin looks similar to the 2nd dorsal fin.
When they are 1 to 2 feet long they are often greenish with faint stripes on the back. Young sablefish under 6 inches are blue-black above and white below.
Sablefish grow to 2 to 3 feet in length.
Habitat
Muddy bottoms and sandy seafloors from the surface to 9,000 feet.
Diet
Marine worms, crustaceans, and small fishes.
Life History
In Alaska, sablefish spawn in deeper water along the continental slope from January to April. Between British Columbia and California, spawning occurs from January to March.
Female begin reproducing once they reach 6 ½ years when they are more than 2 feet in length. Males begin reproducing at 5 years when they are about 1.9 feet in length. A 7 year old female is capable of spawning about 100,000 eggs while a 20 year old can spawn 1,000,000 eggs.
Eggs develop in deep water for about 2 weeks until they hatch. Hatched larvae then rise to the surface and are moved by currents. Off southeast Alaska and British Columbia, juveniles appear in nearshore waters by fall. Juvenile sablefish have been found to migrate more than 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years. As they grow, sablefish settle in muddy bottoms and sandy seafloors.
Sablefish can live up to 90 years!
IUCN Status
Not Evaluated
Ecosystem & Cultural Importance
Sablefish are prey for fish and marine mammals, including Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, spiny dogfish, elephant seals, harbor seals and California sea lions.
The sablefish is one of the highest valued finfish in Alaska and Pacific Northwest commercial fisheries. In 2023, commercial landings of sablefish were valued at $113 million. Sablefish are also occasionally caught in Alaska recreational fisheries when they migrate in the summer onto the continental shelf.
Even though sablefish look much like cod and are often referred to as black cod, they are not actually part of the cod family.
Citations & Other Resources
NOAA Fisheries. N.d. Sablefish. Species Directory. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/sablefish#:~:text=Sablefish%2C%20also%20known%20as%20black,growing%20interest%20in%20commercial%20farming.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. N.d. Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Marine Resources Program. https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/default.aspx?page=110
California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2023. Sablefish. Marine Species Portal. https://marinespecies.wildlife.ca.gov/sablefish/false/
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