Squat lobsters have an overall bright red or orange color. Their carapace is longer than it is wide and has small spines along the edges. Their tail is fan shaped and tucked under the abdomen, but is thrust out quickly to quickly swim backward away from predators. They have 10 legs. The first 2 legs can grow twice as long as their body and have sharp claws. The next 3 pairs of legs are shorter walking legs. The last pair of legs are very tiny and usually hidden under the shell. They also have long antennae and a long rostrum.
Habitat
Most Munida species live on continental shelves and slopes. Munida quadrispina can live over a variety of substrates and at a variety of depths; they can be found along continental slopes, living on canyon walls and in deep-water rocky areas.
Diet
Opportunistic: scavengers and active predators of zooplankton and shrimp.
Life History
Not much is known about squat lobster reproduction. They lay eggs and these hatch into larvae. Munida quadrispina juveniles first have a pelagic phase, where they are in the water column, but at about 1 year of age they settle to the bottom. They can reach a maximum length of 2.8 inches.
IUCN Status
Not Evaluated
Ecosystem & Cultural Importance
Large adult Munida quadrispina are especially tolerant of low oxygen waters. They can be found densely packed in seasonally low oxygen areas, where food is abundant and predators are absent, and are thought to be especially important to nutrient cycling in these areas. They also feed their predators, which include many commercially important fish species: quillback rockfish, walleye pollock, pacific cod, arrowtooth flounder, and Pacific halibut.
Munida quadrispina will live in glass sponge reefs where they will hide between sponges or within a sponge vase. The squat lobsters’ feeding behavior helps maintain the health of the sponges by reducing clogging of the sponge’s aquiferous system.
There are over 900 squat lobster species found throughout the ocean, except in cold Arctic and Antarctic waters. They typically live on the floors of seamounts, canyons, and hydrothermal vents. Though they look like lobsters, squat lobsters are crabs and are closely related to hermit and porcelain crabs.
The behavior of our local squat lobsters changes dramatically based on the oxygen content of the water. They can live in low oxygen waters where very few other organisms are able to survive. Munida quadrispina squat lobsters are sedentary, non-territorial, and docile towards one another in low oxygen waters, even when so densely packed that they’re touching. In water with normal oxygen levels, where there also happen to be many other invertebrates and also fish, their bodies are never touching and they are aggressive and territorial towards one another. They occupy cracks and crevices, and if other squat lobsters try to enter, they will grab or pinch them so aggressively that one may lose their claws.
Munida quadrispina squat lobsters grab zooplankton from the water with their claws to bring to their mouth. They will also pick up detritus or feed on carcasses. These squat lobsters are smaller than Dungeness crabs and when they encounter one another at a large carcass, the squat lobsters rely on the larger and stronger dungeness crabs to break through tough tissue so they can enter the body cavity.
Citations & Other Resources
Anderson, G. S., and L. S. Bell. inchesDeep Coastal Marine Taphonomy: Investigation into Carcass Decomposition in the Saanich Inlet.inches British Columbia Using a (2014).
Burd, Brenda J., and Ralph O. Brinkhurst. inchesThe distribution of the galatheid crab Munidaquadrispina (Benedict 1902) in relation to oxygen concentrations in British Columbia fjords.inches Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 81.1 (1984): 1-20.
Hendrickx, Michel E. inchesThe temperate species of the genus Munida Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) in the east Pacific, with the description of a new species and additional records for tropical-subtropical species.inches Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 73 (2003): 115-136.
Marliave, Jeffrey Burton, et al. inchesBiodiversity and rockfish recruitment in sponge gardens and bioherms of southern British Columbia, Canada.inches Marine Biology 156 (2009): 2247-2254.
Matabos, Marjolaine, et al. inchesA year in hypoxia: epibenthic community responses to severe oxygen deficit at a subsea observatory in a coastal inlet.inches (2012): e45626.
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