Black Rockfish

Sebastes melanops

Black Rockfish

Sebastes melanops
Other Common Names
Black bass, black snapper, sea bass, salt and pepper
Other Common Names
Black bass, black snapper, sea bass, salt and pepper

At the Aquarium

Sandy Coast, Orford Reef, Halibut Flats

Appearance

Black rockfish are generally dark gray to black, with some light gray mottling on their back.

Habitat

Occur from surface waters to depths of 1,200 feet. Adults often school over high-relief rocky reefs.

Diet

Zooplankton and small fish such as anchovies, smelt, and Pacific herring.

Life History

Give birth between January and March in Oregon. A female will release anywhere from 500,000 to 1,000,000 larvae. They are just under 0.2 inches long and are born with an oil globule. Larvae and young juveniles are pelagic, drifting with the currents. Young will often settle in shallow waters near kelp beds, and in estuaries, often in eelgrass. Black rockfish can grow to lengths of 25 inches and live to 56 years of age.

IUCN Status

Not Evaluated

Ecosystem & Cultural Importance

They are important members of marine food webs. They are eaten by other rockfish, lingcod, salmon, sharks, dolphins, sea lions, and marine birds, including pigeon guillemots. These are important fish in both commercial and sport fisheries on the Pacific coast.
Alaska to Baja California, Mexico
You can catch black rockfish from piers, jetties, or shore.
Black rockfish are considered BOFFFFs, big old fat, fecund, female fish. In many fish species, older and larger females produce many more eggs than younger adult females. This is because a newly sexually mature female will still be putting a lot of their energy into their own growth while older females switch most of that energy to reproduction. At birth, the larvae are able to feed on zooplankton right away, but these can be hard to find, so they are very vulnerable to starvation at the start of life. Older females provide their larvae with larger oil globules than younger females. The oil globule provides them with energy at this vulnerable early life stage, so that larvae from older females have nearly three times higher survival rates. In addition, they grow nearly four times faster than larvae from younger females.

These fish form schools with thousands of individuals, and often include yellowtail, dusky, silvergray, and blue rockfishes.

Citations & Other Resources

  • Berkeley, Steven A., Colin Chapman, and Susan M. Sogard. inchesMaternal age as a determinant of larval growth and survival in a marine fish, Sebastes melanops.inches Ecology 85.5 (2004): 1258-1264.
  • Hixon, Mark A., Darren W. Johnson, and Susan M. Sogard. inchesBOFFFFs: on the importance of conserving old-growth age structure in fishery populations.inches ICES Journal of Marine Science 71.8 (2014): 2171-2185.
  • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife website
  • Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan